tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-85693826662290779712024-03-21T02:00:05.399-07:00Several tipsSeveral useful tips for human kindSeveral tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.comBlogger167125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-42311890400914925842022-05-05T02:53:00.002-07:002022-05-05T03:09:37.973-07:00Don’t Remove Baby’s Body Hair<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">A new born baby may have fine and soft hair in its
body. This hair is called lanugo.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Many newborn babies have a lot of body hair. Body hair
on newborns is not a cause for concern, and it usually goes away a few months
after birth. Nature will take its course to let the hair shed by itself. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lanugo is believed to help keep the baby warm. At an
early gestation (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The period of time that a baby develops inside its
mother's body; the process of developing inside the mother's body) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">babies do not have a lot of fat stores and the lanugo may help
maintain an appropriate body temperature.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">You might hear that rubbing a ball of wheat dough
(atta loi) over your baby's body will help to remove body hair and prevent it
from being hairy later in life. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rubbing atta will not permanently remove hair. They
will grow again. Rashes may form on the baby’s skin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Also, there are many home remedies to remove body
hair of babies. These home remedies use milk, turmeric, flour, and other common
household ingredients that have no harmful chemicals. There is no scientific
evidence to suggest that they work effectively in removing body hair, but they
have been used for a long time by our elders, and are a part of traditional
remedies used by mothers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">These methods may not permanently remove the hair
from your baby, so you may notice the hair growing back after some time. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">You don't have to do anything special to treat the
lanugo on your baby.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Time is the best treatment for newborn lanugo. Leave
your baby’s hair alone and it will eventually disappear. In a few days or
weeks, your newborn should lose lanugo. If it lasts longer, that can still be
normal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Do not wax, shave, or use a body hair remover to get
rid of your baby's lanugo. These products are not safe for infants and could
harm their delicate skin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Massaging the area of skin very gently with mild
baby oil might help expedite lanugo falling out, but use extreme care to
prevent damaging your baby’s skin. Only use products that will not irritate
your baby’s skin or eyes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gently massaging a baby’s skin after birth can
facilitate the removal of lanugo. But this is not necessary. Massaging can be effective. But it is risky. A baby’s skin is delicate. If you inadvertently rub your baby’s skin too hard or too much, this can
cause soreness, redness, or dryness. Therefore, it may be more beneficial to
leave the hair alone and allow it to shed on its own.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Many full-term babies lose all their lanugo before
they are born, but some do not. Whether your baby’s lanugo falls out before or
after they're born, it will eventually go away. When it does, another type of
hair will grow in its place. The new hair is called vellus hair.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Vellus hair is similar to lanugo but thinner and not
as noticeable. This hair will cover your baby’s body throughout childhood. (Vellus
hair is the light, short, fine hair that covers much of a person's body. Its
length and thickness will vary from person to person. The primary role of
vellus hair is to protect the skin and keep the body warm.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">This article is written by Arumugham Natarajan B.Sc. Chemistry of Ponnamaravathi Pudupatti after migrating to Madurai.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOeY_awzv4A_WJWooN5FUPzuq4aUv-NUX7PUIrD_zTqlqNSzWCs3XFXXWEXUaP5emZrmQJpBZdejxWMLPjVNg5gonkf1iKAxnjhmCNmOpsWCrOnqE9sdmz1ph-MpjwEMsgOzIdsFtaW5l9PV8256_5_NyzJO9KmGjXrtSxgEvv0HVqW_ZQYjPvxZTQmg/s624/Lanugo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="624" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOeY_awzv4A_WJWooN5FUPzuq4aUv-NUX7PUIrD_zTqlqNSzWCs3XFXXWEXUaP5emZrmQJpBZdejxWMLPjVNg5gonkf1iKAxnjhmCNmOpsWCrOnqE9sdmz1ph-MpjwEMsgOzIdsFtaW5l9PV8256_5_NyzJO9KmGjXrtSxgEvv0HVqW_ZQYjPvxZTQmg/s320/Lanugo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p>Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-7633965619039120072021-02-27T00:58:00.005-08:002021-02-27T01:20:16.106-08:00What is Buoyancy? <iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/khc2wUBsFU4" width="480"></iframe><div><br /></div><div><span face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #030303; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">This video explains the concept of Buoyancy.
</span></div><div><span face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #030303; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #030303; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">From: </span><span face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #030303;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khc2wUBsFU4</span></span></div><div><span face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #030303;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #030303;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">What is Buoyancy?</span></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Buoyancy is an upward force exerted by a fluid on an immersed object in a gravity field.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In fluids, pressure increases with depth; hence, when an object is immersed in a fluid, the pressure exerted on its bottom surface is higher than the pressure exerted on its top surface. </span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">This </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">difference in the pressure leads to a net upward force (buoyancy force) which </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">opposes the gravity force and is equivalent to the weight of the fluid that </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">would otherwise occupy the volume of the object, i.e. the displaced fluid. </span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Thus, if the object is less dense than the fluid, the buoyancy force will be higher than its weight and the object will float; on the contrary, if the object is denser than the fluid, it will sink. </span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The static balance occurs when the weight of the immersed part of the object is the same as the weight of the displaced fluid, i.e. the densities coincide. </span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Remark that the density of the object is meant in an averaged way, as a simple ratio between mass and volume of the immersed part. </span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The most common case is the immersion of a solid into a liquid (e.g. ships in the sea), but that’s not all: a rising bubble (gas in liquid), a falling droplet (liquid in gas) and aerostats (warm air into cold air) are examples of phenomena ruled by buoyancy forces as well.</span></p></span></span></div>Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-63446017489435473852021-02-27T00:36:00.001-08:002021-02-27T00:36:48.246-08:00Surface Tension - Why are drops spherical?<iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/4WZTzKu3CsY" width="480"></iframe><div><br /></div><div><div>Topic: Surface Tension</div><div>Why are drops spherical?</div><div>Because personally, I am fond of spherical shapes as compared to squares.</div><div>No.</div><div>It is because of surface tension.</div><div>Surface tension is the property of liquids by which surface molecules of a liquid try to hold the liquid together by acquiring minimum surface area and acting like a stretched membrane.</div><div>You know what, everything just went over my head.</div><div>Alright. I will explain.</div><div>Inside a drop, each water molecule is pulled with a force by its neighboring molecules.</div><div>As these forces are equal and opposite, they get neutralized.</div><div>However, the molecule present at the surface is not attracted outwards.</div><div>It is attracted only inwards and sideways.</div><div>Sideways forces get neutralized.</div><div>But because of the inward force, each surface molecule contracts to form a shape that has minimum surface area which is a sphere.</div></div><div><br /></div><div>From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WZTzKu3CsY</div>Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-56503710617626255342021-02-18T02:00:00.004-08:002021-02-18T03:09:49.553-08:00Fibonacci Sequence in Nature<iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/nt2OlMAJj6o" width="480"></iframe><div><br /></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Fibonacci Sequence</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Individuality -- the trademark of any artist,
designer, or architect, each desires a uniqueness to their creation, a quality
that separates it from any other.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Man
naturally has this individuality.–his fingerprint. There are 6.5 billion people
on the face of the earth and no two fingerprints are the same.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Everything we touch or make contact with is
branded with a small expressed image revealing to all who see it - Who was
there!</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Around 1200 AD<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>a man named Leonard Pisano, better known as Fibonacci, discovered a
sequence of numbers that created a very interesting pattern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sequence begins with the numbers 1, 1, 2,
3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, and continues indefinitely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each number is obtained by adding the last
two digits together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A rectangle with the
length and width of any two of the numbers of this sequence forms what is known
as the golden rectangle, a perfect rectangle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A golden rectangle can be broken down into squares the size of the next
F numbers down and below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If we were to
take a golden or perfect rectangle, break it down into smaller squares based on
Fibonacci’s sequence, and divide each with an arc, the patterns begins to take
shape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We begin to see Fibonacci’s
spiral…the spiral in and of itself is insignificant; its importance is revealed
in where we find it. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Take for example the sunflower the display of its
florets are in perfect spirals of 55, 34 and 21 -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sequence of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Fibonacci; the fruitlets of the pineapple creates the same sequence;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the pine cone does the same.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As currents move through the ocean and the
tide rolls onto the shore,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the waves
that bring in the tide, curve into a spiral that can be mathematically
diagrammed onto a plot:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1, 1,
2,3,5,8,13,21,34 and 55.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Buds on trees, sand dollars, starfish, petals on
flowers and especially the nautilus shell are formed with this exact same
blueprint.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With each segment of growth,
the nautilus adds to itself one more value on Fibonacci’s scale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This blue print can be seen around us on a
small scale every day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the greatest
example of all is directly above our heads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At an average of 100, 000 light years across, even the spiral of the
galaxies above us are formed with the exact design that the tiny shell is
formed. This sequence, our blueprint, appears to be the trademark of a
Designer, a proof of a Creator, something left behind Indicating the One who is
there – a fingerprint.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As we span our
universe from the tiny flower to the awe inspiring galaxies, we see the
fingerprint of God.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And we are forced to
ask:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Who is God?”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF-RBnetuSVGJFw9QdMId9FGjvYoCR_qDVus85dEGiVid4nv7jzCke1ufVuQDMnLujrEPl2k7sP5wMO9HBKKgJcNCyabGuKYwZPZRXcEGZ6RNUawGm4t07BDxOiE1Y7a5LSf5XLnztQ0ko/s2000/Golden-Rectangle.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1266" data-original-width="2000" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF-RBnetuSVGJFw9QdMId9FGjvYoCR_qDVus85dEGiVid4nv7jzCke1ufVuQDMnLujrEPl2k7sP5wMO9HBKKgJcNCyabGuKYwZPZRXcEGZ6RNUawGm4t07BDxOiE1Y7a5LSf5XLnztQ0ko/w400-h254/Golden-Rectangle.png" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p></div>Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-17673314684817391932020-02-03T18:16:00.000-08:002020-02-03T18:18:29.557-08:00Royal Canadian Mint Gold Processing and Minting<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AeGXYYoSO1U" width="459"></iframe><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gold Coin Making<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This was from the Discovery Channel show On The
Inside. This segment shows the RCM
refining gold, rolling it, and making one ounce coins.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Royal Canadian Mint is a Crown corporation,
operating under the Royal Canadian Mint Act. The shares of the Mint are held in
trust for the Crown in right of Canada.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Mint produces all of Canada's circulation coins,
and manufactures circulation coins on behalf of other nations. The Mint also
designs and manufactures precious and base metal collector coins; gold, silver,
palladium, and platinum bullion coins; medals, as well as medallions and
tokens. It further offers gold and silver refinery and assay services.</span></div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-51832099806217023912019-11-30T03:25:00.002-08:002019-11-30T03:25:50.971-08:00How to Create and Join Yahoo Groups<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_nRSEkwQnOo" width="480"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Yahoo!
Groups is where people with a shared interest meet, get to know each other, and
stay informed. Group member's accesses shared message archives, photos and
photo albums, group events and more. It's free to join. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Step 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Go
to groups.yahoo.com on your browser<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In
order to join yahoo groups go to groups.yahoo.com <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Step 2</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">To
join a group, click on the existing links on the page<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">On
the yahoo group's page, you will see a list of groups that already exist. On
top right of the page, there is a link to start your group. To join a yahoo
group that already exists, click on one of the existing links on the page. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Step 3</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Browse
on specialized groups <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Browse
for more specialized groups. Click one on the list to make your choice. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Step 4</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">On
group listings, scroll down and click on the group of choice <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">On
the group listings, scroll down and click on the group you will like to join. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Step 5</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Click
join group <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Click
join group. You will be taken to a new window where you will be required to
enter CAPTCHA code. Enter the code and click join group below the window. And
here, you will have successfully joined a group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Step 6</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Click
'start a group' to start a group <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">To
start a group, click on 'start a group' on your yahoo menu bar. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Step 7</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Choose
your new group category and click 'place my new group here' <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Choose
your new group category and click 'place my new group here' <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Step 8</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Enter
your group name and additional information<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Enter
your group name; your groups e-mail address and a short description about your
group. Click ‘continue’ when you are done. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Step 9</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Select
your yahoo profile and e-mail address<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Select
your yahoo profile and email address. Type the code and continue. And here you
will have successfully created your group in yahoo. You can begin inviting
people to join your new group.</span></div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-48694552652789933072019-11-23T05:31:00.000-08:002019-11-23T05:45:10.543-08:00Advanced Search Operators with Google<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fAQwWwZ8fs4" width="459"></iframe><br />
<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Andreas describes and demos some of the advanced search operators that Google uses to find exactly the data you want! (Most of these will work in any browser / search engine, by the way!)</span><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">From: </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=35&v=fAQwWwZ8fs4&feature=emb_logo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=35&v=fAQwWwZ8fs4&feature=emb_logo</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">A search operator or a search parameter is a
character or string of characters used in a search engine query to narrow the
focus of the search. ‘Search Operators’ are specific commands we can use in
search engines to refine search results. Search operators are powerful and can
save searchers a lot of time, especially since most operators can be used
together.</span><br />
<div class="style-scope ytd-expander" id="content" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">
<div class="style-scope ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer" id="description" slot="content" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 615px; padding: 0px;">
<yt-formatted-string class="content style-scope ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer" force-default-style="" split-lines="" style="color: var(--yt-spec-text-primary); white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word;">
</yt-formatted-string>
<br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 4.65pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 565px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Operator<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Description<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 225.0pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Example<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 51.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 51.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">site:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Get results from
certain sites or domains.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 225.0pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">olympics site:nbc.com and olympics
site:.gov<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">link:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Find pages that link
to a certain page.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 225.0pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">link:youtube.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">related:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Find sites that are
similar to a web address you already know.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 225.0pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">related:time.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 78.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 78.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">When you use a dash
before a word or site, it excludes sites with that info from your results.
This is useful for words with multiple meanings, like Jaguar the car brand
and jaguar the animal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 78.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 225.0pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">jaguar speed -car or pandas
-site:wikipedia.org<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 110.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 110.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">"<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">When you put a word
or phrase in quotes, the results will only include pages with the same words
in the same order as the ones inside the quotes. Only use this if you’re
looking for an exact word or phrase, otherwise you’ll exclude many helpful
results by mistake.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 225.0pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">"imagine all the people"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 74.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 74.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 74.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Find pages that
might use one of several words.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 74.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 225.0pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">marathon OR race<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-74982111523344245932019-10-05T02:04:00.000-07:002019-10-05T02:04:32.811-07:008 Car Secrets Only Experienced Drivers Know<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zZQ39L24W7Q" width="480"></iframe><br />
<br />
Are you one of those drivers who trust their car mechanic fully? Good for you if you’ve found a true professional who takes good care of your vehicle! Unfortunately, not all mechanics are responsible and honest with their customers. There are several things they don't want you to know so that they can take advantage of you when you bring your car in.<br />
<br />
SUMMARY:<br />
- The truth is that the biggest problem with the battery comes not from the battery itself but from the wires connected to it. The spots where they're attached to the battery get damaged by corrosion.<br />
<br />
- Various car experts state that the earliest you should start to worry about an oil change is after driving a minimum of 7,500 miles.<br />
<br />
- You'll probably agree that no one can ignore the terrible screeching of car brakes. But the most likely cause of these terrible sounds is rust on the brake pads.<br />
<br />
- Some car service centers attract clients by promising free bumper-to-bumper examinations of their vehicles. After you bring your car in, a mechanic will most likely discover that it has tons of problems — which need to be fixed right away.<br />
<br />
- Don't fall for the offer of free lifetime muffler replacement! If you agree to this, you'll just end up paying more money in the long run.<br />
<br />
- Before you drive to the garage, mark the tires with chalk. You can write the letters "RL" on the rear left tire and "FR" on the front right tire. After you get your car back, check where the marks are.<br />
<br />
- Few people know that the most widespread reason for the check engine light to appear on your dashboard is because your gas cap isn't fastened well enough.<br />
<br />
- Your mechanic may suggest that you buy additives for the engine, gas tank, or transmission. After you agree, you find out that these additives cost you an arm and a leg!<br />
<br />
TIMESTAMPS:<br />
<br />
"Your car battery should be replaced!" 0:31<br />
<br />
"You need to change the oil as soon as possible!" 1:47<br />
<br />
"You need to replace your brake pads right now!" 2:43<br />
<br />
"Drop in for a free inspection!" 3:51<br />
<br />
"Your car might break down if you don't use these services!" 4:31<br />
<br />
"I'll rotate your tires!" 5:03<br />
<br />
"Your check engine light is on. You must have a serious problem!" 5:57<br />
<br />
"Your car needs special additives to run better!" 7:02<br />
<br />
From: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZQ39L24W7Q">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZQ39L24W7Q</a></div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-15648695209031510592019-10-05T01:45:00.000-07:002019-10-05T01:45:56.824-07:00How to Change a Flat Car Tyre<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/joBmbh0AGSQ" width="459"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
Video on how to replace a flat tyre using a stepney<br />
<br />
Stepney is a spare wheel for a car that is available to use when we need it.<br />
<br />
Nothing takes the joy out of a road trip like a flat tire. Do you know how to change it? We didnt, but we've learned from Allan Stanley of AAA. Download this video to your mobile phone just in case.<br />
<br />
This video is step by step guide on how to change a flat tire on your car.<br />
<br />
From: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joBmbh0AGSQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joBmbh0AGSQ</a></div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-76163411359648393792019-08-13T04:44:00.002-07:002019-08-13T04:44:38.171-07:00How to Kill a Tree<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/i56lRtyqvTg" width="480"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">5 Best Ways for How to Kill a Tree<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>#1 Hack and Squirt <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">#2 Tree Girdling <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">#3 Roundup <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">#4 Salt <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">#5 Spraying Leaves<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Chemicals to Use:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The main chemicals used for killing
trees are Epson Salt, Hi-Yield Kill-Zall and Roundup which have the same active
ingredient, and Fertilome Brush & Stump Killer which is used for killing
trees by spraying the leaves. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">#1 Hack and Squirt:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is a super fast way to kill
smaller trees. You simply use a hatchet to cut into the bark and spray with
50/50 roundup concentrate. This is a good method if you have a lot of small
trees you need to thin out of a forest. It's not very practical if you live in
the city unless you don’t mind a dying tree in your yard for several months. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">#2 Tree Girdling:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">You could be old school and use an
antique hand saw or just use a generator and reciprocating saw. Cut a 1” slice
out of the bark and first layer of the tree all the way around. Then chop it
out with a hatchet. This will cut off the water supply to the tree and it will
die. I would only use this method if you live in the boonies are wanting to
harvest the tree later for firewood once it is dead and dry. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">#3 How to Kill a Tree with Roundup:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is the best way to kill a tree
in your yard. Cut your tree down with a chainsaw. I love my 460 Rancher. In the
lighter outer ring of the tree drill holes and then fill the holes with 50/50
Roundup. Killing the tree like this will kill the tree stump and all the roots
completely. Just cutting down most trees isn’t enough for them to die. This
will avert any shoots coming up from the stump or roots. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">#4 How to Kill Tree with Salt:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This works well especially if you
don’t like using chemicals. It works much the same as using roundup. First, cut
the tree down and then drill holes all the way around in the lighter outer ring
of the tree. Fill the holes with Epsom salt. This should kill the tree. This
is also a good way to remove tree stumps. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">#5 Kill Tree by Spraying Leaves:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I always have a bunch of little trees popping
up in my yard like weeds. Using Fertilome Brush & Stump Killer works well
these. Mix 4 to 8 ounces into 1 gallon of water. Screw the top on and pump and
Shake to mix well. Spray the leaves thoroughly. You can see that I have a bunch
of trees that I can quickly kill this way.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">From: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i56lRtyqvTg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i56lRtyqvTg</a></span></span></div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-53126942035535413702019-06-19T05:23:00.002-07:002019-06-19T05:23:59.187-07:00How to Pack Books<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fp9TRg-1j3w" width="480"></iframe><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Learn
how to pack books with care in this video. We'll show you a few options to
protect your collection, including several ways to stack the books and the best
way to prevent wrinkles and tears that could damage the pages. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Use
smaller boxes to prevent overloading. You can use larger boxes as long as you
don't fill them up all the way<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Because
books are significantly heavier than most other household goods, reinforce the
box seams with extra tape<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Line
each box with crushed packing paper<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hardback
books should be packed spine to spine, while paperback books should be stacked
vertically<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Wrap
special books in packing paper for extra protection--just be sure to avoid
taping the book surface<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Fill
in any gaps with more packing paper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">From: </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=fp9TRg-1j3w">https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=fp9TRg-1j3w</a></div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-68029954748584853712019-06-14T04:10:00.000-07:002019-06-14T04:10:42.982-07:00How to Solder Wires Together<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Zu3TYBs65FM" width="480"></iframe><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Learn How to Solder Correctly. In this video I show you the tools, tips, tricks, and techniques to properly solder, from what type of solder and flux you should use to how to splice the wires together for a strong soldered joint. I show you how to strip the wires, add heat shrink, splice the wires, solder, and melt the heat shrink to make a perfect soldered connection!</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">From: </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zu3TYBs65FM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zu3TYBs65FM</a></div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-55894848383881346272019-04-16T01:41:00.001-07:002019-04-16T01:41:08.118-07:00HP LaserJet 1020 Plus Duplex Printing Documents From Applications<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hJFlQANURVQ" width="459"></iframe><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">How to print on both sides of the paper</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Steps to enable duplex printing, that is printing on both sides of the paper. ShowHow2 is world's easiest self support platform. It makes complex technologies easy to understand and products simple to use. Now Everything is Easy. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">From: </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jSPC_NHn0M">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jSPC_NHn0M</a></div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-59138028088674243752019-02-08T06:08:00.004-08:002019-02-08T06:08:37.461-08:00Dengue and Chikungunya<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .25in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengue and </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">Chikungunya</span></b><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .25in; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengue</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .25in; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Overview<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengue (DENG-gey) fever is a
mosquito-borne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the
world. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain.
A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause
severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure (shock) and death.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Millions of cases of dengue
infection occur worldwide each year. Dengue fever is most common in Southeast
Asia and the western Pacific islands, but the disease has been increasing rapidly
in Latin America and the Caribbean.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Researchers are working on dengue
fever vaccines. For now the best prevention is to reduce mosquito habitat in
areas where dengue fever is common.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .25in; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Symptoms<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Many people, especially children and
teens, may experience no signs or symptoms during a mild case of dengue fever.
When symptoms do occur, they usually begin four to seven days after you are
bitten by an infected mosquito.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengue
fever causes a high fever — 104 F degrees — and at least two of the following
symptoms:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Headache<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Muscle, bone and joint pain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nausea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vomiting<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pain behind the eyes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Swollen glands<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rash<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Most people recover within a week or
so. In some cases, symptoms worsen and can become life-threatening. Blood
vessels often become damaged and leaky. And the number of clot-forming cells
(platelets) in your bloodstream drops. This can cause a severe form of dengue
fever, called dengue hemorrhagic fever, severe dengue or dengue shock syndrome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Signs
and symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever or severe dengue — a life-threatening
emergency — include:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Severe abdominal pain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Persistent vomiting<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bleeding from your gums or nose<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Blood in your urine, stools or vomit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bleeding under the skin, which might
look like bruising<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Difficult or rapid breathing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cold or clammy skin (shock)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fatigue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Irritability or restlessness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .25in; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When to see a doctor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Call or go to the nearest
emergency room if you've recently visited a region in which dengue fever is
known to occur and you develop emergency symptoms, such as severe abdominal
pain, vomiting, difficulty breathing, or blood in your nose, gums, vomit or
stools.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you develop a fever and milder
symptoms common to dengue fever, call your doctor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .25in; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Causes<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengue fever is caused by any one of
four types of dengue viruses spread by mosquitoes that thrive in and near human
lodgings. When a mosquito bites a person infected with a dengue virus, the
virus enters the mosquito. When the infected mosquito then bites another
person, the virus enters that person's bloodstream.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After you've recovered from dengue
fever, you have immunity to the type of virus that infected you — but not to
the other three dengue fever virus types. The risk of developing severe dengue
fever, also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, actually increases if you're
infected a second, third or fourth time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .25in; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Risk factors<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Factors that put you at greater risk
of developing dengue fever or a more severe form of the disease include:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Living or
traveling in tropical areas.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Being
in tropical and subtropical areas increases your risk of exposure to the virus
that causes dengue fever. Especially high-risk areas are Southeast Asia, the
western Pacific islands, Latin America and the Caribbean.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prior
infection with a dengue fever virus.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Previous
infection with a dengue fever virus increases your risk of having severe
symptoms if you're infected again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .25in; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Complications<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If severe, dengue fever can damage
the lungs, liver or heart. Blood pressure can drop to dangerous levels, causing
shock and, in some cases, death.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .25in; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prevention<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">One dengue fever vaccine, Dengvaxia,
is currently approved for use in those ages 9 to 45 who live in areas with a
high incidence of dengue fever. The vaccine is given in three doses over the
course of 12 months. Dengvaxia prevents dengue infections slightly more than
half the time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The vaccine is approved only for
older children because younger vaccinated children appear to be at increased
risk of severe dengue fever and hospitalization two years after receiving the
vaccine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The World Health Organization
stresses that the vaccine is not an effective tool, on its own, to reduce
dengue fever in areas where the illness is common. Controlling the mosquito
population and human exposure is still the most critical part of prevention
efforts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So for now, if you're living or
traveling in an area where dengue fever is known to be, the best way to avoid
dengue fever is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes that carry the disease.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you are living or traveling in
tropical areas where dengue fever is common, these tips may help reduce your
risk of mosquito bites:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stay in
air-conditioned or well-screened housing.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> The
mosquitoes that carry the dengue viruses are most active from dawn to dusk, but
they can also bite at night.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wear
protective clothing.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> When you go into
mosquito-infested areas, wear a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, socks and
shoes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Use
mosquito repellent.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Permethrin can be applied to
your clothing, shoes, camping gear and bed netting. You can also buy clothing
made with permethrin already in it. For your skin, use a repellent containing
at least a 10 percent concentration of DEET.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reduce
mosquito habitat.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> The mosquitoes that carry the
dengue virus typically live in and around houses, breeding in standing water
that can collect in such things as used automobile tires. You can help lower
mosquito populations by eliminating habitats where they lay their eggs. At
least once a week, empty and clean containers that hold standing water, such as
planting containers, animal dishes and flower vases. Keep standing water
containers covered between cleanings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Chikungunya</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
is Chikungunya?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease, very
similar to dengue. The mosquitoes which spread it are Aedes aegypti and Aedes
albopictus. These mosquitoes acquire the virus when they feed on an infected
person. The virus spreads in the system of the mosquito and reaches its
salivary glands. Soon after, when the mosquito feeds on a person, it infects
him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The infection lasts for 2 to 12 days.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If you notice any of the following symptoms, you
need to consult your family physician or a general physician immediately:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Continuous high fever (above 38.5 degree
Celsius)</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Debilitating joint pain and redness or
soreness in the joint areas</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Rashes on the skin</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Nausea</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Vomiting</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Sensitivity to light</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Headache</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How
does Chikungunya occur?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Once the Aedes mosquito bites a person suffering
from Chikungunya, the Chikungunya virus enters the mosquito’s system. After
getting infected when the mosquito feeds on another person, the virus gets
transmitted to the person.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The virus travels through his body and spreads to
various glands in the body. It enters the bloodstream and causes inflammation
of the blood vessels, causing them to swell and leak.The Chikungunya virus
usually targets joints, muscles, skin, and less frequently, the liver, kidneys,
eyes and the central nervous system.The Chikungunya virus mainly infects the
muscle cells of the body. Once it infects a muscle cell, it keeps reproducing
till the cell dies and then the viruses move onto a new cell.If you contract
this disease you may experience severe muscle pains, joint pains, fever and
rash.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
are the symptoms of Chikungunya? How is Chikungunya diagnosed?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
symptoms of Chikungunya include:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">High fever</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Severe muscle and joint pain</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Severe headache</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Nausea</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Vomiting</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Rash on the skin due to damaged blood
vessels</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Enlarged painful lymph node in the neck</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Sore throat</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Painful abdominal cramps</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Cold fingers and toes</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Dizziness</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Constipation</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Chikungunya symptoms can often be confused with the
symptoms of dengue. However, certain symptoms such as debilitating joint pains
are unique only to Chikungunya. In fact, it is said dengue plus arthritis is
equal to Chikungunya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In dengue, the muscle pain is very noticeable.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diagnosis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A special blood test known as ELISA blood test
(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is done to confirm the presence of Chikungunya
virus in a patient. During the test, if IgM antibodies are found (which can
last up to one year in the blood) it confirms the presence of Chikungunya virus
in the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">These antibodies reveal the presence of the Chikungunya
virus.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
are the complications of Chikungunya?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Some
complications of Chikungunya include:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Neurological imbalances</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Seizures</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Myocarditis or inflammation of the heart
muscle</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ocular disease or eye disease (uveitis,
retinitis)</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Jaundice caused by liver damage</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Acute renal disease when kidneys get
affected</span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Severe bullous lesions </span></li>
<li>·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Neurological diseases, such as
meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, myelitis, or cranial nerve
palsies</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
is the treatment for Chikungunya? </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Chikungunya is a self-remitting illness. There is no
particular medication or treatment available for chikungunya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The doctor may advise you to take plenty of rest,
fluids, and provide you painkillers. Even while prescribing pain-killers,
paracetamol is recommended for treating the pain and fever. Nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs are never prescribed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The usual treatment for the severe form of Chikungunya
consists of:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Providing Intravenous (IV) fluid and
electrolyte replacement<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Monitoring blood pressure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Blood transfusion to replace blood loss,
if any</span></div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-69099597913896255782019-02-07T04:57:00.001-08:002019-02-07T04:57:58.561-08:00Never Throw Away Wood Ash if You Have a Garden<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yZMf6rTPupI" width="480"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Each cord of firewood that you burn leaves you with
20 pounds of ashes or more, depending on your fuel source, heating appliance,
and wood-burning skill. Wood ash is primarily composed of calcium, potassium,
phosphorus, and magnesium, but also contains trace amounts of iron, sodium and
zinc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Because it’s created through the combustion of plant
materials, it holds many of the elements needed to support new growth and has
long been used by gardeners and farmers as a natural soil amendment. Here are
top 5 uses of wood ash in your yard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.
Neutralize Acidic Soil<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unless you are growing acid-loving plants like
blueberries, peppers, and azaleas, you will want to maintain a soil pH of
between 6 and 7.5 in your garden beds. This range is considered ideal because
nutrients in fertilizers will be readily dissolved in water and better absorbed
by the plant’s roots.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Acidic soil (a pH below 6) means plants won’t
receive enough nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium. Wood ash contains up to 70%
calcium carbonate and can be used as a substitute for lime. As a general rule,
never exceed 25 pounds of wood ash per 1,000 square feet of soil and always
re-test your soil after applying wood ash.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.
Add it to Your Compost Pile<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Wood ash added to your compost will help boost the
heap’s potassium levels, a key nutrient for flowering and fruiting. But
including wood ash in the compost should be done in moderation – at a rate of
every six inches of compost pile – because wood ash is alkaline. Too much of
the stuff will raise the pH value of your compost pile.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.
Make Ash Tea<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Just as compost tea is an awesome organic,
all-purpose fertilizer, ash tea can likewise be brewed to prevent or correct
potassium deficiencies. Brown spots, curling leaf tips, yellowing between leaf
veins, slower plant growth and reduced crop yield are some of the telltale
signs your plants are not receiving enough potassium.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To make tea from wood ash, place five pounds of ash
in a cloth bag (like an old pillowcase) and tie it closed. Place the ash bag in
a 50-gallon garbage bin filled with water and allow it to steep for several
days. Once the ash tea has brewed, pour about a cup’s worth around your plants
weekly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4.
Fertilize Your Lawn<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A light dusting of wood ash on the lawn can help
promote greener pastures. After applying ashes to your yard, water it well to
prevent the beneficial nutrients from blowing away.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">5.
Melt Ice and Snow<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One safe and natural alternative to create traction,
de-ice, and melt snow is wood ashes. Because wood ash contains potash – or
potassium carbonate – a type of salt that is much eco-friendlier than
chloride-based salts, it can help break up ice and melt snow when scattered on
driveways and walkways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unlike rock
salt, it won’t corrode surfaces like concrete and metal, harm the paws of your
four-legged friends, or damage your plants come spring.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Note</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
The materials and the information contained on Natural ways channel are
provided for general and educational purposes only and do not constitute any
legal, medical or other professional advice on any subject matter. None of the
information on our videos is a substitute for a diagnosis and treatment by your
health professional. Always seek the advice of your physician or other
qualified health provider prior to starting any new diet or treatment and with
any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. If you have or
suspect that you have a medical problem, promptly contact your health care
provide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZMf6rTPupI</span></div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-17872560130152357612019-02-06T06:56:00.001-08:002019-02-06T06:58:08.507-08:00GATT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">The General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">An in-depth study of the
objectives, principles and IMF’s view of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">Introduction of GATT:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) has its origin in 1947 at a
conference in Genera where negotiations between some 23 nations resulted in an
extensive set of bilateral trade concession which were then extended to all
participants and incorporated in a General Agreement. GATT was founded at the wake
of World War II in order to prevent the recurrence of protectionism policies of
the then industrialized states which had resulted prolonged recession in the
West prior to the war.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">Objectives:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">The
main objectives with which GATT was founded included:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(a)
Raising standard of living;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(b)
Ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income
and effective demand;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(c)
Developing the full use of the resources of the world and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(d)
Expansion of production and international trade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
negotiating and contracting parties to the General Agreement aim at
contributing to the objectives, given above, by entering into reciprocal and
mutually advantageous arrangements directed to the substantial reduction of
tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discrimination in
international trade. Thus the GATT aimed at fulfilling its objectives through
the promotion of free and multilateral trade. At present, altogether 132
countries including India are the members of GATT.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">Fundamental Principle:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
final aim of GATT in to establish a free multilateral trading system and
liberalisation of international trade, elimination of discrimination in
international trade and also by reducing all sorts of trade barriers. In order
to attain such objective, GATT has adopted certain principles to forbid unfair
trade practices and also to set a code of conduct for all the participants of
trading activities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">The following are some of these
fundamental principles:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(i)<i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span></i>Trade should be conducted on non-discriminatory
basis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(ii)<i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span></i>All quantitative restrictions on trade are to be
prohibited.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(iii)<i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span></i>All trade disputes should be settled through
consultations within GATT’s framework.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(iv)<i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span></i>Through a series of multilateral negotiations of
GATT rounds tariff reductions are to be accomplished.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">IMF’s View on New GATT:<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its annual report, 1994 admitted that it
was difficult to quantify the potential gains to world trade and income
resulting from the liberalisation and greater predictability of the new GATT.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">While
categorically stating that the gains undoubtedly would be ‘considerable’ the
IMF has conceded that they would not be spread evenly across participants, as
those with the flexibility to capitalize on new market opportunities would
benefit most.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">On
the Uruguay Round of agreements, the annual report of the IMF conceded that
there was a view that some countries may be “net losers” because their
preferential market access would be eroded, leading to higher prices for their food
imports.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">However,
in reality all countries were likely to gain from the Uruguay Round as a whole
because of increased market access and export opportunities. IMF notes that
greater predictability of the trading environment and the opening of markets across
the globe provide opportunities for diversification of exports, and markets
that are essential to sustained and successful economic reform efforts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
“Finance and Development” of IMF and World Bank (March, 1995) observed, “WTO
agreement, whose aim is to create a more open international trading
environment, has far-reaching implications for the world economy and should
lead to new opportunities for developing countries. Although some may lose
advantage, afforded by current trading arrangements, most should benefit
substantially from a more competitive environment.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Countries
that have relied on unpredictable margins of preference in a restricted number
of markets would gain from new opportunities to integrate more fully into
global markets. As far as net food imports are concerned, the gradual reform in
export-subsidizing countries provides time for adjustment and an incentive to
rebuild domestic food production.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
IMF, in its report, cautioned that it was necessary to ensure, therefore, that
the positive effects of the round were not frustrated by new uncertainties as
vested interests mobilized to defend their positions. Therefore, it is felt
that successful co-operation between the Bretton Woods Institution and the
World Trade Organisation (WTO) would help guard against losing what has been
achieved.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">GATT: General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: Origin, Objectives, Tariff Negotiation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">Origin of GATT:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Inspired
by the success of agreement for international monetary co-operation as
reflected in the formation of the IMF, similar co-operation as reflected in
international trade also was desired by many trading nations for expansion of
world trade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">It
was thought that for healthy world trade, attempt must be made to relax the
existing trade restrictions, such as tariffs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">As
such, at the International Conference on Trade and Employment held in 1946 at
Havana, a proposal for establishing an agency called the International Trade
Organisation (ITO) was made with the miscellaneous and general objective of augmenting
and maintaining world trade and employment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Though
the Havana Charter for ITO was designed as a sort of international trade
constitution, it was not translated into practice due to various difficulties
and lack of common agreement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">However,
some of the countries took up one of the important issues of the Havana Charter
regarding relaxation of trade restrictions by incorporating it into a General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). This was signed in 1947 by some
twenty-three major trading nations, including India. GATT membership has now
gone up to more than 64.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">As
the name itself suggests, the General Agreement was concerned only with tariffs
and trade restrictions and related international matters. It serves as an
important international forum for carrying on negotiations on tariffs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Under
GATT, member nations meet at regular intervals to negotiate agreements to
reduce quotas, tariffs and such other restrictions on international trade.
GATT, by its very nature, is a contractual agreement among parties (or
nations). It is a treaty that is collectively administered by the contracting
nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">However,
it has become a permanent international organisation for safeguarding the
conduct of international trade and an institution for the multilateral expansion
of trade.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">Objectives of GATT:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<strong><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">By reducing tariff barriers and
eliminating discrimination in international trade, the GATT aims at:<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.
Expansion of international trade,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.
Increase of world production by ensuring full employment in the participating nations,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.
Development and full utilisation of world resources, and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.
Raising standard of living of the world community as a whole.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">However,
the articles of the GATT do not provide directives for attaining these
objectives. These are to be indirectly achieved by the GATT through the
promotion of free (unrestricted) and multilateral international trade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<strong><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">As such, the rules adopted by
GATT are based on the following fundamental principles:<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.
Trade should be conducted in a non-discriminatory way;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.
The use of quantitative restrictions should be condemned; and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.
Disagreements should be resolved through consultations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In
short, members of GATT agree to reduce trade barriers and to eliminate
discrimination in international trade so that multilateral and free trade may
be promoted, leading to wider dimensions of world trade and prosperity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<strong><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Most Favoured Nations Clause:</span></strong><strong><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In
general terms, members of GATT agree that reduction in tariffs and elimination
of discrimination in international commerce should be on a reciprocal and
mutually advantageous basis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">To
ensure against discrimination, members agree to grant to each other
unconditional most favoured nation status in all import and export duties, with
certain exceptions. Article I of the Agreement deals with the ‘most favoured
nation clause meaning that any advantage, favour, privilege or immunity granted
by a contracting party to any product originating in or designed for any other
country shall be accorded immediately and unconditionally to a like product
originating in or destined for the territories of all other contacting parties.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Thus,
the principle of most favoured nation implies that each nation should be
treated as the most favoured nation. As such, the contracting parties are
forbidden from granting any new preference. And the negotiations and
concessions materialised under bilateral agreements should be extended to all
member countries on an equal basis so that the concessions are
multilateralised. It also signifies that the permitted quantitative restrictions
should be administered without favouring any party.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<strong><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">GATT permits such restrictions
only for:</span></strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(i)
Safeguarding exchange reserves when a country has balance of payments
difficulties.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(ii)
Restricting imports that would harm domestic price supports and production
control programmes of a country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">GATT
also lays down that state trading should be non-discriminatory. However, the
formation of customs unions or free trade areas are allowed by the General
Agreement provided their purpose is to facilitate trade between the constituent
territories and not to raise barriers to the trade of other member nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(iii)
Underdeveloped countries to further their economic development under procedures
approved by GATT.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">Tariff Negotiations:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">GATT
recognises that tariffs are the main impediments to the growth of international
trade. Thus, the contracting parties are authorised to occasionally negotiate
for a substantial reduction of tariffs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<strong><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">The following guidelines are to
be followed in tariff negotiations:<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.
Reduction in tariffs is to be negotiated on a reciprocal and mutually
advantageous basis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.
The negotiations should be either for reduction of tariffs or binding of low
tariffs. Binding of low tariffs is advantageous as traders will be assured of
the continuance of low tariffs so that they can take up business expansion and
productive investments without any risk (of high tariff).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.
Each member has to work in good faith and not raise its tariffs and other
qualitative measures with a view to increasing its bargaining power in tariff
negotiations (when anticipated).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
GATT adopted the bilateral-multilateral technique of negotiating reduction in
tariffs. It was a bilateral method in the sense that the negotiations were
carried on a nation-to-nation basis. In fact, the contracting parties formed
pairs among themselves and each pair conducted negotiations on a selective
commodity-by- commodity basis. The negotiations had multilateral aspects also
as the tariff reductions agreed within bilateral pairs of negotiating parties
were made generally applicable to all contracting parties through the
‘most-favoured nation clause.’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
bilateral-multilateral method of tariff negotiations was in vogue till the
operation of the Kennedy Round, on May 4, 1964. Before Kennedy Round five main
tariff negotiating conferences had been held which effected agreements
(bindings) to reduce or to stabilise about 60,000 tariff rates between the
participating countries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<strong><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">The bilateral-multilateral
technique of tariff reduction has the following drawbacks:</span></strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.
It leads to unfavourable terms of trade to the underdeveloped primary producing
nations on account of their weak bargaining position in a bilateral agreement
with an advanced nation. The principle of reciprocity was injurious to their interest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.
It creates uncertainty and instability in the tariff structure of various
countries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.
It causes injustice to the already low-tariff countries, as they are in a very
weak bargaining position and have little to offer in exchange for concessions
offered by other countries (previously with high tariffs).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.
It is a very slow method of reducing tariffs. Hence the achievements made
during a long period of 14 years of its operation are not very substantial or
encouraging.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In
fact, at the ministerial meeting of the contracting parties in 1961, it was
agreed that the reduction of tariffs on a most favoured nation basis should be
continued but in view of the changing conditions of world trade, the
traditional GATT technique for tariff negotiation on a commodity-by-commodity
and nation-by-nation basis are inadequate and inappropriate. Hence, ultimately
the bilateral aspect of negotiations was given up in Kennedy Round.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT): History and Principles
of GATT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">Introduction:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, known as the GATT, is one-third of the
Bretton Woods system that was created after World War II to ensure a stable
trade and economic world environment. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and
World Bank are the other two bodies of the Bretton Woods system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">While
often referred to as an international organization, the GATT had a “defacto”
role as an international organization before the creation of the World Trade
Organization (WTO). The WTO was established on January’ 1, 1995 by the Final
Act of the Uruguay Round of negotiations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">History and Basic Information:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">After
World War II, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) submitted
proposals to the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations
regarding the establishment of an international trade body that was to be named
the International Trade Organization (ITO). That is, perhaps, why the GATT is
often referred to as a UN related body and its documents are sometimes
mistakenly referred to as UN documents.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ECOSOC
convened a conference, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment in
1946, to consider the UK and US proposals. A Preparatory Committee drafted the
ITO Charter and it was approved in 1948 at the conference in Havana, Cuba. The
Charter is often referred to as the Havana Charter or the ITO Charter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
first round of trade negotiations took place while the Preparatory Committee
was still working on drafting the Charter because the participants were anxious
to begin the process of trade liberalization as soon as possible. Their results
were incorporated into the General Agreement, which was signed in 1947.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Since
the original signatory nations expected the agreement to become part of the
more permanent ITO Charter, the text of the GATT contains very little
“institutional” structure. This lack of detail within the agreement has created
increasing difficulties as the GATT membership and rules governing trade
between so many of the world’s nations have grown. The GATT has function as an
international organization for many years even though it has never been
formalized as such.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ECOSOC
established an Interim Commission for the ITO that is referred to as ICITO.
Unfortunately, when time came for the members to ratify the ITO Charter, the
Congress of the United States refused and the ITO never became a reality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
GATT survived, but remained intact only due to the Protocol of Provisional
Application of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade which was concluded
in 1947 and which came into force in 1948.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
GATT completed 8 rounds of multilateral trade negotiations (MTNs). The Uruguay
Round (the 8th round) concluded with the signing of the Final Action April 15,
1994, in Morocco and produced the World Trade Organization (WTO) and it
annexes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The contracting
party’s means:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">i.
When you see: CONTRACTING PARTIES in capital letters it is referring to the
members acting jointly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ii.
When you see: contracting parties in lower case letters, it is referring to
individual member states.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">iii.
When you see the words: Contacting Parties, they will be in press releases or
in published works concerning the GATT.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">The Basic Principles of the
GATT:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">1. Most-Favored-Nation (MFN)
Treatment:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">This
is the fundamental principle of the GATT and it is not a coincidence that it
appears in Article 1 of the GATT 1947. It states that each contracting party to
the GATT is required to provide to all other contracting parties the same
conditions of trade as the most favourable terms it extends to any one of them,
i.e., each contracting party is required to treat all contracting parties in
the same way that it treats its “most-favoured nation”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">2. Reciprocity:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">GATT
advocates the principles of “rights” and “obligations”. Each contracting party
has a right, e.g. access to markets of other trading partners on a MFN basis
but also an obligation to reciprocate with trade concessions on a MFN basis. In
a way, this is closely associated with the MFN principle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">3. Transparency:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Fundamental
to a transparent system of trade is the need to harmonize the system of import
protection, so that barriers on trade can be reduced through the process of
negotiations. The GATT therefore, limited the use of quotas, except in some
specific sector such, as agriculture and advocated import regimes that are
based on “tariff-only”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In
addition, the GATT and now the WTO, required many notifications from
contracting parties on their agricultural and trade policies so that these can
be examined by other parties to ensure that they are GATT/WTO compatible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">4. Tariff Binding and
Reduction:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">When
GATT was established, tariffs were the main form of trade protection and
negotiations in the early years focused primarily upon tariff binding and reduction.
The text of the 1947, GATT lays out the obligations on the contracting parties
in this regard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Difference
between WTO and GATT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
short answer is no. The WTO is the GATT plus a lot more. There have been eight
rounds of trade negotiations since 1947. The first five rounds were of
relatively short duration and dealt mainly with tariff reductions. The sixth,
the Kermedy Round (1963-67), achieved deeper and wider tariff cuts, especially
in industrial tariffs, and brought developing country concerns to the fore.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
seventh, the Tokyo Round, which lasted six years (1973 – 1979), cut tariffs
substantially but also introduced a series of codes on non-tariff barriers
(NTBs). The WTO was the result of the eighth round of negotiations, known as
the Uruguay Round (1986-93).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0in;">The
main differences between the GATT and the WTO are described by the WTO as
follows:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">i.
The GATT was provisional. Its contracting parties never ratified the General
Agreement, and it contained no provisions for the creation of an organisation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ii.
The WTO and its agreements are permanent. As an international organisation, the
WTO has a sound legal basis because all members have ratified the WTO
Agreements, and the agreements themselves describe how the WTO is to function.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">iii.
The WTO has “members.” GATT had “contracting parties,” underscoring the fact
that officially the GATT was a legal text.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">iv.
The GATT dealt with trade in goods. The WTO deals with trade in services and
intellectual property as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">v.
The WTO dispute settlement system is faster and more automatic than the old
GATT system. Its rulings cannot be blocked.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">vii.
The WTO has introduced a trade policy review mechanism that increases the
transparency of members’ trade policies and practices.</span></div>
<br /></div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-65324015901847605032018-11-09T02:38:00.001-08:002018-11-09T02:38:51.825-08:00Aadhaar FAQ<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span style="color: #003399; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Recently Asked
Questions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Is it possible to link
Mobile Number with Aadhaar through OTP? What is the procedure to link Mobile
Number with Aadhaar?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As per DOT Directive, some Telecom Operators have started
linking of SIM with Aadhaar via OTP based authentication. To know more about
the process, please contact your respective Telecom Service Provider.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What is TOTP?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is an one-time
temporary password (OTP), that is generated by an algorithm and valid only for
30 seconds. Because of this time variable characteristic, it is called TOTP.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TOTP is 8 digit long
numeric string.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TOTP is personal to
the resident and is uniquely generated every 30 seconds for each resident
separately.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt; margin-left: 14.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With time-based OTP,
the TOTP validation server and token generation app(like mAadhaar) use their
respective system times to generate OTPs. The TOTP algorithm assumes that the
system times are synchronized.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt; margin-left: 14.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Why to use TOTP?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TOTPs avoid a number of shortcomings that are
associated with traditional SMS based OTP. The most important shortcoming that
is addressed by TOTPs is that resident will not be dependent on mobile network
for SMS delivery. Generating and sending OTP requires users to go through a
completely unrelated workflow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How TOTP is generated?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TOTP is generated in mobile application like
mAadhaar. However, the Client mobile device’s time should be in sync with IST
time-zone.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How to configure?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Download mAadhaar
android mobile application<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Create new resident
profile.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt; margin-left: 14.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Navigate to TOTP page
view, your TOTP should be visible and is valid for 30 seconds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How is Aadhaar
different from any other identity issued by the government?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique identity number
that can be obtained by residents of India, based on their biometric and
demographic data. The process for Aadhaar enrolment of resident of the country
involves use of certain basic demographic information combined with ten finger prints,
both irises and photograph to uniquely identify a resident through a process of
de-duplication. The uniqueness of Aadhaar helps in elimination of duplicates
and fakes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An Aadhaar number issued to an individual
shall not be reassigned to any other individual. An Aadhaar number shall be a
random number and bear no relation to the attributes or identity of the Aadhaar
number holder.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The verification of his identity is done
online with the help of authentication devices which connect to UIDAI’s Central
Identity Repository and return only a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ response to the basic
query-“Is the person who he/she claims to be?” based on the data available with
UIDAI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Is it mandatory to
enrol for Aadhaar to file tax returns or apply for PAN in India? If yes, then
what is the process for NRIs?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Section 139AA of the Income-tax Act, 1961 as
introduced by the Finance Act, 2017 provides for mandatory quoting of Aadhaar /
Enrolment ID of Aadhaar application form, for filing of return of income and
for making an application for allotment of Permanent Account Number with effect
from 1st July, 2017.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is clarified that such mandatory quoting of
Aadhaar or Enrolment ID shall apply only to a person who is eligible to obtain
Aadhaar number.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As per the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of
Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016, only a
resident individual is entitled to obtain Aadhaar. Resident as per the said Act
means an individual who has resided in India for a period or periods amounting
in all to one hundred and eighty-two days or more in the twelve months
immediately preceding the date of application for enrolment. Accordingly, the
requirement to quote Aadhaar as per section 139AA of the Income-tax Act may not
apply to an individual who is not a resident as per the Aadhaar Act, 2016. In
this regard attention is invited to UIDAI Circular No. 6-1/2016-UIDAI (DBT),
dated 15 November, 2017.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Can we register/
change mobile number online?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For any online update request, including updation of mobile
number, resident should already have an active number registered with UIDAI
where person can receive OTP SMS and authenticate himself/herself. Otherwise
you would need to visit nearest UIDAI permanent Enrolment centre.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Service Provider not
accepting e-Aadhaar copy. What to do?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Downloaded Aadhaar or e-Adhaar carries Name,
Address, Gender, Photo and Date of Birth details of the Aadhaar holder in
similar form as in Printed Aadhaar letter. The e-Aadhaar also contains date of
Aadhaar generation & date of e-Aadhaar download. The downloaded Aadhaar or
e-Aadhaar is a digitally signed document by UIDAI as per IT Act, 2000 which
provides for legal recognition of electronic records with digital signatures.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hence Downloaded Aadhaar /e-Aadhaar is a valid
and secure electronic document which should be treated at par with printed
Aadhaar letter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I want to give up my
Aadhaar. How and what needs to be done?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Presently there is no Policy to give up Aadhaar. However
Aadhaar holders can secure their Biometric Authentication as per need by
locking or unlocking Biometrics using "<a href="https://resident.uidai.gov.in/biometric-lock" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Lock/Unlock
Biometrics</span></a>” functionality at UIDAI official website "<a href="https://resident.uidai.gov.in/kiosk" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">resident.uidai.gov.in</span></a>".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Can NRIs also get
Aadhaar?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In this regard, attention is invited to Section 3(1) of the
Aadhaar Act, 2016,which inter-alia lays down that “every resident shall be
entitled to obtain an Aadhaar number by submitting his demographic information
and biometric information by undergoing the process of enrolment.”Further
Section 2(v) of the Aadhaar Act defines ‘resident’ as an individual who has
resided in India for a period or periods amounting in all to one hundred and
eighty-two days or more in the twelve months immediately preceding the date of
application for enrolment. Therefore NRI/OCI may not be eligible for obtaining
Aadhaar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What is the process if
NRI / OCI holder needs to apply for Aadhaar? And if they don't have their own
residential address in India now?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As per the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other
Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016, only a resident who has resided in
India for a period or periods amounting in all to 182 or more in the 12 months
immediately preceding the date of application for enrolment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">My name is different
in PAN and Aadhaar. It is not allowing me to link both. What to do?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In order to Link Aadhaar with PAN, ideally
your demographic details (i.e. Name, Gender and Date of Birth) should match in
both the documents.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In case of any minor mismatch in Aadhaar Name
provided by taxpayer when compared to the actual data in Aadhaar, One Time
Password (Aadhaar OTP) will be sent to the mobile registered with Aadhaar.
Taxpayers should ensure that the date of birth and gender in PAN and Aadhaar
are exactly same.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In a rare case where Aadhaar name is
completely different from name in PAN, then the linking will fail and taxpayer
will be prompted to change the name in either Aadhaar or in PAN database.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Note:</span></b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For PAN data update
related queries you may visit: <a href="https://www.utiitsl.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://www.utiitsl.com.</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For Aadhaar update
related information you may visit UIDAI official website: <a href="https://www.uidai.gov.in/"><span style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">www.uidai.gov.in</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In-case linking problem still persists you are
requested to visit Income Tax official website or call IT department helpline.</span><b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">My date of birth in
PAN and Aadhaar do not match. Not able to link them. Please help.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In order to Link Aadhaar with PAN, your
demographic details – Name, Gender and Date of Birth should match.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We request you to please get in touch with
Income Tax department <a href="http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank"><span style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">incometaxindia.gov.in</span></a> or
visit <a href="https://www.utiitsl.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://www.utiitsl.com</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Will my PAN become
non-functional if I do not link it to Aadhaar?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The role of UIDAI is limited to
issue of Aadhaar numbers and provide authentication services for establishing
identity of the beneficiaries. The usage of Aadhaar for delivery of welfare
service, benefits etc or for any other purpose and the extent to which Aadhaar
is to be used is to be determined by the Implementing agencies such as State
Governments/Central Ministries and other agencies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For PAN related queries, you are requested to
please contact with Income Tax department <a href="http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank"><span style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">incometaxindia.gov.in</span></a> or
visit <a href="https://www.utiitsl.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://www.utiitsl.com</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resident wanted to
apply for income Tax return but Aadhaar data showing mismatch?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In order to Link Aadhaar with PAN,
your demographic details should match. We request you to please get your
details Corrected in appropriate document i.e. PAN or Aadhaar and try to link
again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In-case linking problem still persists, we
request you to please get in touch with Income Tax department <a href="http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank"><span style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">incometaxindia.gov.in</span></a> or
visit <a href="https://www.utiitsl.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://www.utiitsl.com</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resident facing an
error while filing online income tax return, while authenticating with Aadhaar
Number?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In order to Link Aadhaar with PAN,
your demographic details should match. We request you to please get your
details Corrected in appropriate document i.e. PAN or Aadhaar and try to link
again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In-case linking problem still persists, we
request you to please get in touch with Income Tax department <a href="http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank"><span style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">incometaxindia.gov.in</span></a> or
visit <a href="https://www.utiitsl.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://www.utiitsl.com</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I am unable to access
Aadhaar online services / Website from outside India. Please suggest?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UIDAI's official website i.e. www.uidai.gov.in doesn't have
any such restriction and should be accessible from anywhere. However, some of
the UIDAI web based features like Resident Portal, eAadhaar, <a href="https://ssup.uidai.gov.in/web/guest/ssup-home" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Self Service
Update Portal (SSUP)</span></a>, <a href="https://resident.uidai.gov.in/bank-mapper" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Aadhaar
Linking Status</span></a> etc are Geo-Based policy enabled and therefore,
will not be accessible from outside India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How to update my
Aadhaar in ration card?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We recommend that you submit a photocopy of your Aadhaar
with a copy of ration card to your PDS shop. They may ask you to place a finger
on a sensor to authenticate to check that you and your Aadhaar number are
matched.<b><span style="color: #006a98;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Name different in
Aadhaar vis-à-vis service delivery database?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For availing services there shall not be a mismatch in name,
documents having in correct name should be corrected. In case the name
correction is to be done in Aadhaar, then you can visit the nearest permanent
enrolment centre to update your incorrect information as per the provisions of
Aadhaar Act, 2016 and Aadhaar (Enrolment and Update) Regulation, 2016.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">My fingers do not
work, when asked to place them on finger print device?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">You can visit the nearest permanent enrolment centre to
update your biometrics (list available at www.uidai.gov.in). We suggest that
you carry proofs for identity and correspondence address. Also, we strongly
recommend that you give mobile number, this will help you get confirmation
message as when your records are updated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Have multiple
accounts, where will I receive the money of benefit transfer?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Please give your copy of Aadhaar letter with your bank
account number written on it or copy of your bank passbook. The bank may
require you to fill a form as well. Updating your mobile number in bank is also
advisable. This will send out SMS alerts when you get DBT in account or you
transact on your account. Please note that the bank account which has been
seeded last with the Aadhaar number will be the one to receive money through
DBT.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Do I need Aadhaar to
get my DBT?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Most of the schemes are seeking Aadhaar number to identify
the beneficiaries to remove fakes and duplicates from their database. It is
strongly recommended that you give them Aadhaar to assist them. It also helps
you in availing benefits offered by various government schemes If you do not
have Aadhaar, you can always present your Enrolment ID No. (EID), or submit the
request with service delivery database owner to get Enroled for Aadhaar with
the stated ID documents. This will allow you to continue getting the benefits,
subsidy or services without any restrictions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How do I change my
account where to receive DBT funds?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Please give your copy of Aadhaar letter with your bank
account number written on it or copy of your bank passbook to the bank where
you want to receive the funds. The bank may require you to fill a form as well.
Updating your mobile number in bank is also advisable. This will send out SMS
alerts when you get DBT in account or you transact on your account. Please note
that the bank account which has been seeded last with the Aadhaar number will
be the one to receive money through DBT.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How would I know that
DBT funds have come to my account?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We recommend that you update your mobile number in bank. The
Bank will send out SMS alerts when you get DBT in account or you transact on
your account. Alternatively, you can also check your account balance using ATM,
microATM/ Bank Mitra, internet banking or calling the bank for details of your
transactions.<b><span style="color: #006a98;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What all can I do
using a Bank mitra, who visits my village?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bank Mitra carry a handheld device, which can allow you
multiple type of banking transactions on your Aadhaar linked Bank account.
Transactions possible are Balance, Enquiry, Cash Deposit, Cash Withdrawal,
Paying Bills, Remitting funds to other Aadhaar holder. Bank mitra also helps in
opening of Aadhaar linked bank account.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How does Aadhaar based
DBT help me as a beneficiary?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aadhaar linking in your scheme database ensures that nobody
else can claim your share of the benefits by impersonating you as a person.
Also, in case of cash transfers, the money reaches directly to your Aadhaar
linked bank account, and you do not have to pursue different people to get the
funds. Besides this, you can decide the bank account in which you would like
your benefits/money to be transferred.. But all benefits go to your latest
Aadhaar linked bank account, so all the subsidies are transferred in single
bank account.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Why are Government
schemes asking for Aadhaar?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 5.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It helps schemes to clean out duplicates and fakes, to
provide accurate data and enable implementation of direct benefit programmes.
Use of Aadhaar reduces the costs of identifying persons and provides Increased
transparency to the government in implementation of its schemes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #006a98; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I have received blue
color of Aadhaar of card for my child. Is it Valid?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yes,
Blue color Aadhaar is valid like other Aadhaar Letter. As per the new policy,
UIDAI is issuing Blue Color Aadhaar (Namely Bal Aadhaar) for children whose age
is between 0 to 5 Years. After attaining the age of 5 years, this Aadhaar
become Invalid and the child should get his/her demographic and biometric
details updated against same Aadhaar Number by visiting nearest Enrolment
Centre. Else the Aadhaar will become invalid.</span></div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-53514557638015416692018-11-05T02:02:00.004-08:002018-11-05T02:02:41.913-08:00Selected 15 Warren Buffett Quotes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“Someone’s
sitting in the shade today because someone planted a tree a long time ago.” –
Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“I
really like my life. I’ve arranged my life so that I can do what I want.” –
Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“If
you don’t feel comfortable owning something for 10 years, then don’t own it for
10 minutes.” – Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“The
first rule is not to lose. The second rule is not to forget the first rule.” –
Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“I
will tell you how to become rich. Close the doors. Be fearful when others are
greedy. Be greedy when others are fearful.” – Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“It
is not necessary to do extraordinary things to get extraordinary results.” –
Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“You
only have to do a very few things right in your life so long as you don’t do
too many things wrong.” – Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“You
ought to be able to explain why you’re taking the job you’re taking, why you’re
making the investment you’re making, or whatever it may be. And if it can’t
stand applying pencil to paper, you’d better think it through some more. And if
you can’t write an intelligent answer to those questions, don’t do it.” –
Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“I
always knew I was going to be rich. I don’t think I ever doubted it for a
minute.” – Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“I
don’t measure my life by the money I’ve made. Other people might, but I
certainly don’t.” – Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“Risk
comes from not knowing what you’re doing.” – Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“Wall
Street is the only place that people ride to in a Rolls Royce to get advice
from those who take the subway.” – Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“It’s
far better to buy a wonderful company at a fair price than a fair company at a
wonderful price.” – Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“Honesty
is a very expensive gift, Don’t expect it from cheap people.” – Warren Buffett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“I’ve
seen more people fail because of liquor and leverage — leverage being borrowed
money. You really don’t need leverage in this world much. If you’re smart,
you’re going to make a lot of money without borrowing.” – Warren Buffett</span></div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-78911382316981246332018-10-29T03:28:00.001-07:002018-10-29T03:28:55.971-07:00Beautiful Rangoli for Diwali<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tLW6-vVe1Ro" width="480"></iframe><br />
Festival Rangoli Designs<br />
Beautiful Rangoli for Diwali</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-73325095061079544142018-10-03T02:17:00.001-07:002018-10-03T03:29:35.938-07:00Churchill's Cigar and Whisky Bottle Puzzle<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3tjMDbS2nz0" width="480"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-65172825917574048282018-07-30T15:56:00.004-07:002018-07-30T15:56:52.714-07:0030 Smart Tricks to Open Anything around You<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/A2eT9iLQyoU" width="459"></iframe><br />
<br />
Open a lock, open a bottle, and open anything.</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-50257184498584789292018-05-15T04:40:00.002-07:002018-05-15T04:40:25.438-07:00How to Clean Calcium off Faucets<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/540Jd8UlEUM" width="459"></iframe><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you have hard water,
your faucets can build up calcium and get slow and ugly. Here is how to clean
them.</span></div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-23243103786109576482018-05-15T04:16:00.000-07:002018-05-15T04:16:29.964-07:00How To Fix a Broken or Separated Zipper<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pND6-omqt4k" width="480"></iframe><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A
zipper, zip, fly, or zip fastener, formerly known as a clasp locker, is a
commonly used device for binding the edges of an opening of fabric or other
flexible material, like on a garment or a bag. </span><span style="color: var(--yt-primary-text-color); white-space: pre-wrap;">This video is a demonstration showing how to fix a broken or separated zipper using a simple pliers.</span></div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-58147242228389215302018-05-08T04:09:00.002-07:002018-05-08T04:09:56.428-07:00How to Mix Whisky with Soda<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dVwVZA9MKHo" width="480"></iframe><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Popular Drinks
made with Scotch Whisky<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Scotch Tom
Collins<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5-6
dashes of lemon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
large glass of Scotch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2-3
lumps of ice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pour
into a large glass and fill with soda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Scotch Horse's
Neck<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lemon
Juice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Scotch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Angostura.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ginger
ale.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Whisper<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2
glasses of Scotch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2
glasses of French Vermouth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2
glasses of Italian Vermouth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Cracked
ice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Clansman's
Coffee<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
oz of Scotch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3/4
OZ Sambucca Black coffee<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Whipped
cream<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Wipe
the rim of a goblet with a piece of lemon and dip it in brown sugar. Pour the
spirits and coffee into the glass, add sugar to taste and float the whipped
cream on top. Decorate with grated chocolate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Scotch Fizz<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
oz of Scotch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">½
oz Fraise Chilled Champagne<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pour
the spirits into a wide champagne glass and top with champagne. Decorate with a
strawberry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Green Mist<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
oz of Scotch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
oz Creme de Menthe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">½
oz Lemon juice<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Shake
the ingredients, strain into a cocktail glass. Decorate with a slice of kiwi
and a sprig of mint.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Rob Roy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">l/2
Italian Vermouth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">½
Scotch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dash
of Angostura.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Highland Special<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3
glasses of Scotch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2
glasses of French Vermouth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">½
glass of orange juice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Add
a little nutmeg after mixing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Summer Scotch<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
glass of Scotch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3
dashes of Creme de menthe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
lump of ice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Fill
glass with soda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Scotch Rickey<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
lump of ice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Juice
of half a lime.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Juice
of a quarter of a lemon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
glass of Scotch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Soda
.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Derby fizz<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5
dashes of lemon juice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
teaspoonful of powdered sugar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
egg.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3
dashes of Curacao.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
glass of Scotch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Soda
Water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Highland Cooler<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
teaspoonful of powdered sugar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Juice
of half a lemon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2
dashes of Angostura.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
glass of Scotch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
lump of ice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ginger
ale.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Earthquake<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">One
third gin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">One
third Scotch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">One
third anis aperitif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Flying Scotsman<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.5
glasses of Italian Vermouth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3
glasses of Scotch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
tablespoon of bitters.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
tablespoon of sugar syrup.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Scotch Whisky
Toddy <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Place
a spoonful of sugar in a warm glass and add enough boiling water to dissolve
the sugar and hot lemon juice. Add a generous measure of Scotch and stir with a
silver spoon; pour in more boiling water and top up with more whisky. Stir
well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Atholl Brose <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mix
an equal quantity of honey (preferably heather honey) and fine oatmeal in a
little cold water. Add the Scotch and stir until frothy. Bottle and keep for
two days before serving. Two pints of whisky will be needed for a half-pound of
honey and a half- pound of oatmeal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Whisky Sour <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">To
a double Scotch add the juice of half a lemon and half a teaspoonful of sugar.
Shake with ice and serve with a squirt of soda water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Whisky Mac <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Scotch
and green-ginger wine to taste. They may be in equal proportions, or two-thirds
whisky and one-third green-ginger wine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Highland Fling<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
oz of Scotch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
oz Amaretto Ginger ale<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mix
in a long glass. Decorate with a twist of orange spiralling into the glass.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Purple Heather<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
measure of Scotch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
teaspoon of Cassis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pour
into a tall glass and top up with soda .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bannockburn<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
glass of Scotch (Scottish Spirit).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
dash of Worcestershire Sauce.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tomato
Juice (English Blood).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
slice of lemon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ice.</span></div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8569382666229077971.post-52023867453519922182018-04-21T00:24:00.001-07:002018-04-21T00:24:52.330-07:00International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Adopted and opened for
signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A
(XXI) of 16 December 1966<br />
entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Preamble<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
States Parties to the present Covenant,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Considering
that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United
Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable
rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice
and peace in the world,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Recognizing
that these rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Recognizing
that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal
of free human beings enjoying civil and political freedom and freedom from fear
and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may
enjoy his civil and political rights, as well as his economic, social and
cultural rights,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Considering
the obligation of States under the Charter of the United Nations to promote
universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and freedoms,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Realizing
that the individual, having duties to other individuals and to the community to
which he belongs, is under a responsibility to strive for the promotion and
observance of the rights recognized in the present Covenant,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Agree
upon the following articles:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">PART
I</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
1</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they
freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic,
social and cultural development.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and
resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international
economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and
international law. In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of
subsistence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
The States Parties to the present Covenant, including those having
responsibility for the administration of Non-Self-Governing and Trust
Territories, shall promote the realization of the right of self-determination,
and shall respect that right, in conformity with the provisions of the Charter
of the United Nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">PART
II</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
2</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to respect and to ensure to
all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights
recognized in the present Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as
race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or
social origin, property, birth or other status.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Where not already provided for by existing legislative or other measures, each
State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take the necessary steps, in
accordance with its constitutional processes and with the provisions of the
present Covenant, to adopt such laws or other measures as may be necessary to
give effect to the rights recognized in the present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(a)
To ensure that any person whose rights or freedoms as herein recognized are
violated shall have an effective remedy, notwithstanding that the violation has
been committed by persons acting in an official capacity;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
To ensure that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right thereto
determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or
by any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State,
and to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(c)
To ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when
granted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
3</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to ensure the equal right of
men and women to the enjoyment of all civil and political rights set forth in
the present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
4</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1 .
In time of public emergency which threatens the life of the nation and the
existence of which is officially proclaimed, the States Parties to the present
Covenant may take measures derogating from their obligations under the present
Covenant to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation,
provided that such measures are not inconsistent with their other obligations
under international law and do not involve discrimination solely on the ground
of race, colour, sex, language, religion or social origin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
No derogation from articles 6, 7, 8 (paragraphs I and 2), 11, 15, 16 and 18 may
be made under this provision.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
Any State Party to the present Covenant availing itself of the right of
derogation shall immediately inform the other States Parties to the present
Covenant, through the intermediary of the Secretary-General of the United
Nations, of the provisions from which it has derogated and of the reasons by
which it was actuated. A further communication shall be made, through the same
intermediary, on the date on which it terminates such derogation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
5</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
Nothing in the present Covenant may be interpreted as implying for any State,
group or person any right to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at
the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms recognized herein or at their
limitation to a greater extent than is provided for in the present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
There shall be no restriction upon or derogation from any of the fundamental
human rights recognized or existing in any State Party to the present Covenant
pursuant to law, conventions, regulations or custom on the pretext that the
present Covenant does not recognize such rights or that it recognizes them to a
lesser extent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">PART
III</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
6</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected
by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
In countries which have not abolished the death penalty, sentence of death may
be imposed only for the most serious crimes in accordance with the law in force
at the time of the commission of the crime and not contrary to the provisions
of the present Covenant and to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment
of the Crime of Genocide. This penalty can only be carried out pursuant to a
final judgement rendered by a competent court.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
When deprivation of life constitutes the crime of genocide, it is understood
that nothing in this article shall authorize any State Party to the present
Covenant to derogate in any way from any obligation assumed under the
provisions of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of
Genocide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
Anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to seek pardon or commutation of
the sentence. Amnesty, pardon or commutation of the sentence of death may be
granted in all cases.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">5.
Sentence of death shall not be imposed for crimes committed by persons below
eighteen years of age and shall not be carried out on pregnant women.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">6.
Nothing in this article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolition
of capital punishment by any State Party to the present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
7</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">No
one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free
consent to medical or scientific experimentation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
8</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
No one shall be held in slavery; slavery and the slave-trade in all their forms
shall be prohibited.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
No one shall be held in servitude.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(a)
No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
Paragraph 3 (a) shall not be held to preclude, in countries where imprisonment
with hard labour may be imposed as a punishment for a crime, the performance of
hard labour in pursuance of a sentence to such punishment by a competent court;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(c)
For the purpose of this paragraph the term "forced or compulsory
labour" shall not include:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(i)
Any work or service, not referred to in subparagraph (b), normally required of
a person who is under detention in consequence of a lawful order of a court, or
of a person during conditional release from such detention;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(ii)
Any service of a military character and, in countries where conscientious
objection is recognized, any national service required by law of conscientious
objectors;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(iii)
Any service exacted in cases of emergency or calamity threatening the life or
well-being of the community;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(iv)
Any work or service which forms part of normal civil obligations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
9</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be
subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his
liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are
established by law.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Anyone who is arrested shall be informed, at the time of arrest, of the reasons
for his arrest and shall be promptly informed of any charges against him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
Anyone arrested or detained on a criminal charge shall be brought promptly
before a judge or other officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power
and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release. It shall
not be the general rule that persons awaiting trial shall be detained in
custody, but release may be subject to guarantees to appear for trial, at any
other stage of the judicial proceedings, and, should occasion arise, for
execution of the judgement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
Anyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled
to take proceedings before a court, in order that that court may decide without
delay on the lawfulness of his detention and order his release if the detention
is not lawful.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">5.
Anyone who has been the victim of unlawful arrest or detention shall have an
enforceable right to compensation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
10</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
All persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with
respect for the inherent dignity of the human person.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(a)
Accused persons shall, save in exceptional circumstances, be segregated from
convicted persons and shall be subject to separate treatment appropriate to
their status as unconvicted persons;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
Accused juvenile persons shall be separated from adults and brought as speedily
as possible for adjudication.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
The penitentiary system shall comprise treatment of prisoners the essential aim
of which shall be their reformation and social rehabilitation. Juvenile
offenders shall be segregated from adults and be accorded treatment appropriate
to their age and legal status.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
11</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">No one shall be imprisoned merely on the ground of inability
to fulfil a contractual obligation.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
12</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1. Everyone
lawfully within the territory of a State shall, within that territory, have the
right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
The above-mentioned rights shall not be subject to any restrictions except
those which are provided by law, are necessary to protect national security,
public order (ordre public), public health or morals or the rights and freedoms
of others, and are consistent with the other rights recognized in the present
Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
13</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">An
alien lawfully in the territory of a State Party to the present Covenant may be
expelled therefrom only in pursuance of a decision reached in accordance with
law and shall, except where compelling reasons of national security otherwise
require, be allowed to submit the reasons against his expulsion and to have his
case reviewed by, and be represented for the purpose before, the competent
authority or a person or persons especially designated by the competent
authority.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
14</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the
determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and
obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public
hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law.
The press and the public may be excluded from all or part of a trial for
reasons of morals, public order (ordre public) or national security in a
democratic society, or when the interest of the private lives of the parties so
requires, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in
special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice;
but any judgement rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made
public except where the interest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the
proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship of children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed
innocent until proved guilty according to law.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be
entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality: (a) To be
informed promptly and in detail in a language which he understands of the
nature and cause of the charge against him;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
To have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence and to
communicate with counsel of his own choosing;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(c)
To be tried without undue delay;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(d)
To be tried in his presence, and to defend himself in person or through legal
assistance of his own choosing; to be informed, if he does not have legal
assistance, of this right; and to have legal assistance assigned to him, in any
case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by him in
any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for it;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(e)
To examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him and to obtain the
attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions
as witnesses against him;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(f)
To have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak
the language used in court;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(g)
Not to be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4. In the case of juvenile persons, the procedure shall be
such as will take account of their age and the desirability of promoting their
rehabilitation.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">5.
Everyone convicted of a crime shall have the right to his conviction and
sentence being reviewed by a higher tribunal according to law.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">6.
When a person has by a final decision been convicted of a criminal offence and
when subsequently his conviction has been reversed or he has been pardoned on
the ground that a new or newly discovered fact shows conclusively that there
has been a miscarriage of justice, the person who has suffered punishment as a
result of such conviction shall be compensated according to law, unless it is
proved that the non-disclosure of the unknown fact in time is wholly or partly
attributable to him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">7.
No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again for an offence for which
he has already been finally convicted or acquitted in accordance with the law
and penal procedure of each country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
15</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1 .
No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or
omission which did not constitute a criminal offence, under national or
international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier
penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time when the
criminal offence was committed. If, subsequent to the commission of the
offence, provision is made by law for the imposition of the lighter penalty,
the offender shall benefit thereby.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Nothing in this article shall prejudice the trial and punishment of any person
for any act or omission which, at the time when it was committed, was criminal
according to the general principles of law recognized by the community of
nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
16</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Everyone
shall have the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
17</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his
privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on his honour
and reputation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference
or attacks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
18</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
This right shall include freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of
his choice, and freedom, either individually or in community with others and in
public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance,
practice and teaching.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
No one shall be subject to coercion which would impair his freedom to have or
to adopt a religion or belief of his choice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs may be subject only to such
limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public
safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of
others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to have respect for the
liberty of parents and, when applicable, legal guardians to ensure the
religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own
convictions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
19</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
Everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall
include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds,
regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of
art, or through any other media of his choice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
The exercise of the rights provided for in paragraph 2 of this article carries
with it special duties and responsibilities. It may therefore be subject to
certain restrictions, but these shall only be such as are provided by law and
are necessary:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(a)
For respect of the rights or reputations of others;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
For the protection of national security or of public order (ordre public), or
of public health or morals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
20</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
Any propaganda for war shall be prohibited by law.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes
incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
21</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
right of peaceful assembly shall be recognized. No restrictions may be placed
on the exercise of this right other than those imposed in conformity with the
law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of
national security or public safety, public order (ordre public), the protection
of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of
others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
22</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
Everyone shall have the right to freedom of association with others, including
the right to form and join trade unions for the protection of his interests.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of this right other than those
which are prescribed by law and which are necessary in a democratic society in
the interests of national security or public safety, public order (ordre
public), the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the
rights and freedoms of others. This article shall not prevent the imposition of
lawful restrictions on members of the armed forces and of the police in their
exercise of this right.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
Nothing in this article shall authorize States Parties to the International
Labour Organisation Convention of 1948 concerning Freedom of Association and
Protection of the Right to Organize to take legislative measures which would
prejudice, or to apply the law in such a manner as to prejudice, the guarantees
provided for in that Convention.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
23</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled
to protection by society and the State.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
The right of men and women of marriageable age to marry and to found a family
shall be recognized.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
No marriage shall be entered into without the free and full consent of the
intending spouses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
States Parties to the present Covenant shall take appropriate steps to ensure
equality of rights and responsibilities of spouses as to marriage, during
marriage and at its dissolution. In the case of dissolution, provision shall be
made for the necessary protection of any children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
24</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
Every child shall have, without any discrimination as to race, colour, sex,
language, religion, national or social origin, property or birth, the right to
such measures of protection as are required by his status as a minor, on the
part of his family, society and the State.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Every child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have a name.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
Every child has the right to acquire a nationality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
25</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Every
citizen shall have the right and the opportunity, without any of the
distinctions mentioned in article 2 and without unreasonable restrictions:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(a)
To take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely
chosen representatives;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
To vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by
universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing
the free expression of the will of the electors;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(c)
To have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in his country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
26</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">All
persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to
the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall prohibit any
discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection
against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language,
religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property,
birth or other status.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
27</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">In
those States in which ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities exist, persons
belonging to such minorities shall not be denied the right, in community with
the other members of their group, to enjoy their own culture, to profess and
practise their own religion, or to use their own language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">PART
IV</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
28</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
There shall be established a Human Rights Committee (hereafter referred to in
the present Covenant as the Committee). It shall consist of eighteen members
and shall carry out the functions hereinafter provided.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
The Committee shall be composed of nationals of the States Parties to the
present Covenant who shall be persons of high moral character and recognized
competence in the field of human rights, consideration being given to the
usefulness of the participation of some persons having legal experience.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
The members of the Committee shall be elected and shall serve in their personal
capacity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
29</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
The members of the Committee shall be elected by secret ballot from a list of
persons possessing the qualifications prescribed in article 28 and nominated
for the purpose by the States Parties to the present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Each State Party to the present Covenant may nominate not more than two
persons. These persons shall be nationals of the nominating State.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
A person shall be eligible for renomination.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
30</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
The initial election shall be held no later than six months after the date of
the entry into force of the present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
At least four months before the date of each election to the Committee, other
than an election to fill a vacancy declared in accordance with article 34, the
Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a written invitation to
the States Parties to the present Covenant to submit their nominations for
membership of the Committee within three months.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall prepare a list in
alphabetical order of all the persons thus nominated, with an indication of the
States Parties which have nominated them, and shall submit it to the States
Parties to the present Covenant no later than one month before the date of each
election.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
Elections of the members of the Committee shall be held at a meeting of the
States Parties to the present Covenant convened by the Secretary General of the
United Nations at the Headquarters of the United Nations. At that meeting, for
which two thirds of the States Parties to the present Covenant shall constitute
a quorum, the persons elected to the Committee shall be those nominees who obtain
the largest number of votes and an absolute majority of the votes of the
representatives of States Parties present and voting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
31</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
The Committee may not include more than one national of the same State.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
In the election of the Committee, consideration shall be given to equitable
geographical distribution of membership and to the representation of the
different forms of civilization and of the principal legal systems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
32</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1. The members of the Committee shall be elected for a term
of four years. They shall be eligible for re-election if renominated. However,
the terms of nine of the members elected at the first election shall expire at
the end of two years; immediately after the first election, the names of these
nine members shall be chosen by lot by the Chairman of the meeting referred to
in article 30, paragraph 4.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Elections at the expiry of office shall be held in accordance with the
preceding articles of this part of the present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
33</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
If, in the unanimous opinion of the other members, a member of the Committee
has ceased to carry out his functions for any cause other than absence of a
temporary character, the Chairman of the Committee shall notify the
Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall then declare the seat of
that member to be vacant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
In the event of the death or the resignation of a member of the Committee, the
Chairman shall immediately notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations,
who shall declare the seat vacant from the date of death or the date on which
the resignation takes effect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
34</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
When a vacancy is declared in accordance with article 33 and if the term of
office of the member to be replaced does not expire within six months of the
declaration of the vacancy, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall
notify each of the States Parties to the present Covenant, which may within two
months submit nominations in accordance with article 29 for the purpose of
filling the vacancy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall prepare a list in
alphabetical order of the persons thus nominated and shall submit it to the
States Parties to the present Covenant. The election to fill the vacancy shall
then take place in accordance with the relevant provisions of this part of the
present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
A member of the Committee elected to fill a vacancy declared in accordance with
article 33 shall hold office for the remainder of the term of the member who
vacated the seat on the Committee under the provisions of that article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
35</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
members of the Committee shall, with the approval of the General Assembly of
the United Nations, receive emoluments from United Nations resources on such
terms and conditions as the General Assembly may decide, having regard to the
importance of the Committee's responsibilities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
36</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
Secretary-General of the United Nations shall provide the necessary staff and
facilities for the effective performance of the functions of the Committee
under the present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
37</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall convene the initial meeting
of the Committee at the Headquarters of the United Nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
After its initial meeting, the Committee shall meet at such times as shall be provided
in its rules of procedure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
The Committee shall normally meet at the Headquarters of the United Nations or
at the United Nations Office at Geneva.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
38</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Every
member of the Committee shall, before taking up his duties, make a solemn
declaration in open committee that he will perform his functions impartially
and conscientiously.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
39</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
The Committee shall elect its officers for a term of two years. They may be
re-elected.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
The Committee shall establish its own rules of procedure, but these rules shall
provide, inter alia, that:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(a)
Twelve members shall constitute a quorum;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
Decisions of the Committee shall be made by a majority vote of the members
present.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
40</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to submit reports on the
measures they have adopted which give effect to the rights recognized herein
and on the progress made in the enjoyment of those rights: (a) Within one year
of the entry into force of the present Covenant for the States Parties
concerned;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
Thereafter whenever the Committee so requests.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
All reports shall be submitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations,
who shall transmit them to the Committee for consideration. Reports shall
indicate the factors and difficulties, if any, affecting the implementation of
the present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations may, after consultation with the
Committee, transmit to the specialized agencies concerned copies of such parts
of the reports as may fall within their field of competence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
The Committee shall study the reports submitted by the States Parties to the
present Covenant. It shall transmit its reports, and such general comments as
it may consider appropriate, to the States Parties. The Committee may also
transmit to the Economic and Social Council these comments along with the
copies of the reports it has received from States Parties to the present
Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">5.
The States Parties to the present Covenant may submit to the Committee
observations on any comments that may be made in accordance with paragraph 4 of
this article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
41</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
A State Party to the present Covenant may at any time declare under this
article that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and
consider communications to the effect that a State Party claims that another
State Party is not fulfilling its obligations under the present Covenant.
Communications under this article may be received and considered only if
submitted by a State Party which has made a declaration recognizing in regard
to itself the competence of the Committee. No communication shall be received
by the Committee if it concerns a State Party which has not made such a
declaration. Communications received under this article shall be dealt with in
accordance with the following procedure:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(a)
If a State Party to the present Covenant considers that another State Party is
not giving effect to the provisions of the present Covenant, it may, by written
communication, bring the matter to the attention of that State Party. Within
three months after the receipt of the communication the receiving State shall
afford the State which sent the communication an explanation, or any other
statement in writing clarifying the matter which should include, to the extent
possible and pertinent, reference to domestic procedures and remedies taken,
pending, or available in the matter;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
If the matter is not adjusted to the satisfaction of both States Parties
concerned within six months after the receipt by the receiving State of the
initial communication, either State shall have the right to refer the matter to
the Committee, by notice given to the Committee and to the other State;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(c)
The Committee shall deal with a matter referred to it only after it has
ascertained that all available domestic remedies have been invoked and
exhausted in the matter, in conformity with the generally recognized principles
of international law. This shall not be the rule where the application of the
remedies is unreasonably prolonged;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(d)
The Committee shall hold closed meetings when examining communications under
this article;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(e)
Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (c), the Committee shall make
available its good offices to the States Parties concerned with a view to a
friendly solution of the matter on the basis of respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms as recognized in the present Covenant;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(f)
In any matter referred to it, the Committee may call upon the States Parties
concerned, referred to in subparagraph (b), to supply any relevant information;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(g)
The States Parties concerned, referred to in subparagraph (b), shall have the
right to be represented when the matter is being considered in the Committee
and to make submissions orally and/or in writing;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(h)
The Committee shall, within twelve months after the date of receipt of notice
under subparagraph (b), submit a report:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(i)
If a solution within the terms of subparagraph (e) is reached, the Committee
shall confine its report to a brief statement of the facts and of the solution
reached;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(ii)
If a solution within the terms of subparagraph (e) is not reached, the
Committee shall confine its report to a brief statement of the facts; the
written submissions and record of the oral submissions made by the States
Parties concerned shall be attached to the report. In every matter, the report
shall be communicated to the States Parties concerned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
The provisions of this article shall come into force when ten States Parties to
the present Covenant have made declarations under paragraph I of this article.
Such declarations shall be deposited by the States Parties with the
Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to
the other States Parties. A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by
notification to the Secretary-General. Such a withdrawal shall not prejudice
the consideration of any matter which is the subject of a communication already
transmitted under this article; no further communication by any State Party
shall be received after the notification of withdrawal of the declaration has
been received by the Secretary-General, unless the State Party concerned has
made a new declaration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
42</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(a)
If a matter referred to the Committee in accordance with article 41 is not
resolved to the satisfaction of the States Parties concerned, the Committee
may, with the prior consent of the States Parties concerned, appoint an ad hoc
Conciliation Commission (hereinafter referred to as the Commission). The good
offices of the Commission shall be made available to the States Parties
concerned with a view to an amicable solution of the matter on the basis of
respect for the present Covenant;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
The Commission shall consist of five persons acceptable to the States Parties
concerned. If the States Parties concerned fail to reach agreement within three
months on all or part of the composition of the Commission, the members of the
Commission concerning whom no agreement has been reached shall be elected by
secret ballot by a two-thirds majority vote of the Committee from among its
members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
The members of the Commission shall serve in their personal capacity. They
shall not be nationals of the States Parties concerned, or of a State not Party
to the present Covenant, or of a State Party which has not made a declaration
under article 41.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
The Commission shall elect its own Chairman and adopt its own rules of
procedure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
The meetings of the Commission shall normally be held at the Headquarters of
the United Nations or at the United Nations Office at Geneva. However, they may
be held at such other convenient places as the Commission may determine in
consultation with the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the States
Parties concerned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">5.
The secretariat provided in accordance with article 36 shall also service the
commissions appointed under this article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">6.
The information received and collated by the Committee shall be made available
to the Commission and the Commission may call upon the States Parties concerned
to supply any other relevant information.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">7.
When the Commission has fully considered the matter, but in any event not later
than twelve months after having been seized of the matter, it shall submit to
the Chairman of the Committee a report for communication to the States Parties
concerned:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(a)
If the Commission is unable to complete its consideration of the matter within
twelve months, it shall confine its report to a brief statement of the status
of its consideration of the matter;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
If an amicable solution to the matter on tie basis of respect for human rights
as recognized in the present Covenant is reached, the Commission shall confine
its report to a brief statement of the facts and of the solution reached;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(c)
If a solution within the terms of subparagraph (b) is not reached, the
Commission's report shall embody its findings on all questions of fact relevant
to the issues between the States Parties concerned, and its views on the
possibilities of an amicable solution of the matter. This report shall also
contain the written submissions and a record of the oral submissions made by
the States Parties concerned;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(d)
If the Commission's report is submitted under subparagraph (c), the States
Parties concerned shall, within three months of the receipt of the report,
notify the Chairman of the Committee whether or not they accept the contents of
the report of the Commission.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">8.
The provisions of this article are without prejudice to the responsibilities of
the Committee under article 41.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">9.
The States Parties concerned shall share equally all the expenses of the
members of the Commission in accordance with estimates to be provided by the
Secretary-General of the United Nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">10.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be empowered to pay the
expenses of the members of the Commission, if necessary, before reimbursement
by the States Parties concerned, in accordance with paragraph 9 of this
article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
43</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
members of the Committee, and of the ad hoc conciliation commissions which may
be appointed under article 42, shall be entitled to the facilities, privileges
and immunities of experts on mission for the United Nations as laid down in the
relevant sections of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the
United Nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
44</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
provisions for the implementation of the present Covenant shall apply without
prejudice to the procedures prescribed in the field of human rights by or under
the constituent instruments and the conventions of the United Nations and of
the specialized agencies and shall not prevent the States Parties to the
present Covenant from having recourse to other procedures for settling a
dispute in accordance with general or special international agreements in force
between them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
45</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
Committee shall submit to the General Assembly of the United Nations, through
the Economic and Social Council, an annual report on its activities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">PART
V</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
46</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Nothing
in the present Covenant shall be interpreted as impairing the provisions of the
Charter of the United Nations and of the constitutions of the specialized
agencies which define the respective responsibilities of the various organs of
the United Nations and of the specialized agencies in regard to the matters
dealt with in the present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
47</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Nothing
in the present Covenant shall be interpreted as impairing the inherent right of
all peoples to enjoy and utilize fully and freely their natural wealth and
resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">PART
VI</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
48</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
The present Covenant is open for signature by any State Member of the United
Nations or member of any of its specialized agencies, by any State Party to the
Statute of the International Court of Justice, and by any other State which has
been invited by the General Assembly of the United Nations to become a Party to
the present Covenant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
The present Covenant is subject to ratification. Instruments of ratification
shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
The present Covenant shall be open to accession by any State referred to in
paragraph 1 of this article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with
the Secretary-General of the United Nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">5.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States which have
signed this Covenant or acceded to it of the deposit of each instrument of
ratification or accession.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
49</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
The present Covenant shall enter into force three months after the date of the
deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the thirty-fifth
instrument of ratification or instrument of accession.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
For each State ratifying the present Covenant or acceding to it after the
deposit of the thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or instrument of
accession, the present Covenant shall enter into force three months after the
date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or instrument of
accession.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
50</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
provisions of the present Covenant shall extend to all parts of federal States
without any limitations or exceptions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
51</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
Any State Party to the present Covenant may propose an amendment and file it
with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General of the
United Nations shall thereupon communicate any proposed amendments to the
States Parties to the present Covenant with a request that they notify him
whether they favour a conference of States Parties for the purpose of
considering and voting upon the proposals. In the event that at least one third
of the States Parties favours such a conference, the Secretary-General shall
convene the conference under the auspices of the United Nations. Any amendment
adopted by a majority of the States Parties present and voting at the
conference shall be submitted to the General Assembly of the United Nations for
approval.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Amendments shall come into force when they have been approved by the General
Assembly of the United Nations and accepted by a two-thirds majority of the States
Parties to the present Covenant in accordance with their respective
constitutional processes. 3. When amendments come into force, they shall be
binding on those States Parties which have accepted them, other States Parties
still being bound by the provisions of the present Covenant and any earlier
amendment which they have accepted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
52</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
Irrespective of the notifications made under article 48, paragraph 5, the
Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States referred to in
paragraph I of the same article of the following particulars:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(a)
Signatures, ratifications and accessions under article 48;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">(b)
The date of the entry into force of the present Covenant under article 49 and
the date of the entry into force of any amendments under article 51.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Article
53</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
The present Covenant, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and
Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the
United Nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of
the present Covenant to all States referred to in article 48.</span></div>
</div>
Several tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05862855091933929364noreply@blogger.com0